| ISBN | 5-6 |
| Number of pages | 677 Pages |
| Language | English |
|
CONTENTS Foreword Preface Acknowledgement Abbreviations Introduction
to the book 1.
AYURVEDIC AND UNANI CONCEPTS OF PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS 1.1 Brief Introduction to Ayurveda
1.2 Classification and Pathogenesis of Prameha
1.2.1
Introductory remarks
1.2.2
The predisposing factors
1.2.3
Classification of Prameha
1.2.3.1 Etiological classification
1.2.3.2 Clinical classification
1.2.3.3 Prognostic classification
1.2.4
Pathogenesis of Prameha
1.3 Treatment of Prameha
1.3.1
Diet
1.3.2
Life style changes
1.4.3 Structure and function of human lymphatic system
1.3 Epidemiology
1.3.1 Global distribution
1.3.2 Filariasis problem in India
1.3.3
Therapeutic interventions
1.3.3.1 Saksodhana
1.3.3.2 Drugs
1.3.3.3 Management of complications
1.4 Basic Concepts of Unani Medicine
1.4.1
Arkan
1.4.2
Mizaj
1.4.3
Akhlat
1.4.4 Aza
1.4.5
Ruh
1.4.6
Quwa
1.4.7
Afal
1.4.8
Concluding remarks
1.5
Classification, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Ziabetus
1.5.1
Classification
1.5.1.1 Ziabetus sada/barid
1.5.1.2 Ziabetus sukkari/har
1.5.2 Pathogenesis
1.5.3
Treatment
1.5.3.1 Diet
1.5.3.2 Exercise and rest
1.5.2.2 Acute dermato-lymphangio-adenitis
1.5.3.3 Drugs
References 2.
MODERN CONCEPTS OF PATHOGENESIS AND
TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
2.1 Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus
2.1.1
Classification of diabetes mellitus
2.1.2
Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
2.1.2.1 Type 1 diabetes (T1DM)
2.1.2.2 Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
2.1.2.3 Diabetes in children and youth
2.1.2.4 Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic
syndrome
2.1.2.5 Maturity onset diabetes of the young
(MODY)
2.1.2.6 Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
2.1.3
Genetic aspects of type 2 diabetes
2.1.4
Current diagnostic criteria and their prognostic value
(Impact on outcome and management)
2.2 Complications of Diabetes and their Pathogenesis
2.2.1
Acute complications
2.2.2
Chronic complications
2.2.2.1 Cardiovascular complications
2.2.2.2 Hypertension
2.2.2.3 Lower extremity complications
2.2.2.4 Diabetic retinopathy
2.2.2.5 Neuropathy
2.2.2.6 Nephropathy
2.2.2.7 Infections
2.2.2.8 Gastrointestinal/genitourinary dysfunction
2.2.2.9 Dermatologic manifestations
2.2.3
Mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced damage
2.2.3.1 Aldose reductase
2.2.3.2 Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)
2.2.3.3 Diacylglycerol (DAG) and protein kinase C
(PKC)
2.2.3.4 Increased hexosamine pathway flux
2.2.3.5 Increased oxidative stress
2.2.4
Hypoglycaemia
2.3 Insulin Resistance and its Sequelae
2.3.1
Insulin resistance
2.3.1.1 Mutations in genes encoding insulin receptor
and insulin receptor substrate
2.3.2
Syndromes associated with insulin resistance
2.3.2.1 Acanthosis nigricans
2.3.2.2 Ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic
ovary syndrome (PCOS)
2.3.2.3 Abnormal glucose tolerance
2.3.2.4 Leprechaunism and the Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome
2.3.2.5 Autoimmune-insulin resistance
2.3.3
Approaches towards treatment of insulin resistance
2.4 Management of Diabetes
2.4.1
Prevention strategies
2.4.1.1 Dietary regulation
2.4.2
Drugs used for treatment of diabetes mellitus
References
3.
INDIAN PLANTS INVESTIGATED FOR ANTIDIABETIC
ACTIVITY
3.1 Plants Used in Ayurvedic Formulations for Treatment of
Diabetes
3.2 Plants Used in Siddha System for Treatment of Diabetes
3.3 Plants Used in Unani Formulations for Treatment of Diabetes
3.4 Plants Screened for Antidiabetic Activity
3.5 Other Indian Studies on Natural Products with Antidiabetic
Potential
3.5.1
Historical
3.5.2
Plants with hypoglycaemic activity
3.5.3
Plants effective in complications of diabetes
3.5.3.1 Effect on ocular complications
3.5.3.2 Effect on other complications
3.5.4
Plants reported active in ethnomedical surveys
3.5.5
Marine flora and fauna
3.5.4 According to Modern medicine
3.5.5 According to Ayurveda
References
4.
PROMISING LEADS FROM INDIAN PLANTS FOR ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY
4.1 Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa
4.1.1
Other names
4.1.2
Part used
4.1.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.1.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.1.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.1.6
Chemical constituents
4.1.7
Standardization and quality control
4.1.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.1.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.1.10
Other clinical studies
4.1.1
1 Safety studies
4.1.12
Classical dosage
4.1.13
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations
containing A. marmelos
4.1.14
Future prospects
References
4.2 Allium cepa Linn.
4.2.1
Other names
4.2.2
Part used
4.2.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.2.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.2.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.2.6
Chemical constituents
4.2.7
Standardization and quality control
4.2.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.2.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.2.10
Other clinical studies
4.2.1
1 Safety studies
4.2.12
Classical dosage
4.2.13
Future prospects
References
4.3 Allium sativum Linn.
4.3.1
Other names
4.3.2
Part used
4.3.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.3.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.3.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.3.6
Chemical constituents
4.3.7
Standardization and quality control
4.3.8
Antidiabetic activity
3.4.9 Classical Ayurvedic formulations containing S. asper
4.3.10
Other clinical studies
4.3.1
1 Safety studies
4.3.12
Future prospects
References
4.4 Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
4.4.1
Other names
4.4.2
Part used
4.4.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.4.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.4.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.4.6
Chemical constituents
4.4.7
Standardization and quality control
4.4.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.4.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.4.10
Other clinical studies
4.4.13
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing
A.indica
4.4.12
Classical dosage
4.4.14
Future prospects
References
4.5 Ficus benghalensis Linn.
4.5.1
Other names
4.5.2
Part used
4.5.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.5.4
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.5.5
Traditional uses
4.5.6
Chemical constituents
4.5.7
Standardization and quality control
4.5.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.5.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.5.10
Safety studies
4.5.1
1 Classical dosage
4.5.12
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing
F. benghalensis
4.5.13
Future prospects
References
4.6 Ficus religiosa Linn.
4.6.1
Other names
4.6.2
Part used
4.6.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.6.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.6.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.6.6
Chemical constituents
4.6.7
Standardization and quality control
4.6.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.6.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.6.10
Safety studies
4.6.1
1 Classical dosage
4.6.12
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing
F. religiosa
4.6.13
Future prospects
References
4.7 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.
4.7.1
Other names
4.7.2
Part used
4.7.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.7.4
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.7.5
Traditional uses
4.4.6 Standardization and quality control
4.7.7
Standardization and quality control
4.7.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.7.9
Sweetness inhibitory activity
4.7.10
Other pharmacological actions
4.7.1
1 Safety studies
4.7.12
Classical dosage
4.7.13
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing
G. sylvestre
4.7.14
Future prospects
References
4.8 Momordica charantia Linn.
4.8.1
Other names
4.8.2
Part used
4.8.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.8.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.8.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.8.6
Chemical constituents
4.8.7
Standardization and quality control
4.8.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.8.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.8.10
Other clinical studies
4.8.1
1 Safety studies
4.8.12
Classical dosage
4.8.13
Future prospects
References
4.9 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
4.9.1
Other names
4.9.2
Part used
4.9.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.9.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.9.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.9.6
Chemical constituents
4.9.7
Standardization and quality control
4.9.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.9.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.9.10
Other clinical studies
4.9.1
1 Safety studies
4.9.12
Classical dosage
4.9.13
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing
P. marsupium
4.9.14
Future prospects
References
4.10 Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) H. Karst.
4.10.1
Other names
4.10.2
Part used
4.10.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.10.4
Adulterants/Substitutes
4.10.5
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.10.6
Chemical constituents
4.10.7
Standardization and quality control
4.10.8
Antidiabetic activity
4.10.9
Other pharmacological actions
4.10.10
Safety studies
4.10.1
1 Classical dosage
4.10.12
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing
S. chirayita
4.10.13
Future prospects
References
4.11 Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels
4.1
1.1 Other names
4.1
1.2 Part used
4.1
1.3 Botanical description and habitat
4.1
1.4 Ayurvedic description and properties
4.1
1.5 Traditional uses
4.1
1.6 Chemical constituents
4.1
1.7 Standardization and quality control
4.1
1.8 Antidiabetic activity
4.1
1.9 Other pharmacological actions
4.1
1.10 Safety studies
4.1
1.11 Classical dosage
4.1
1.12 Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing
S. cumini
4.1
1.13 Future prospects
References
4.12 Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.
4.12.1
Other names
4.12.2
Part used
4.12.3
Botanical description and habitat
4.12.4
Ayurvedic description and properties
4.12.5
Chemical constituents
4.12.6
Standardization and quality control
4.12.7 Antidiabetic activity
4.12.8
Other pharmacological actions
4.12.9
Other clinical studies
4.12.10
Safety studies
4.12.1
1 Classical dosage
4.12.12
Classical Ayurvedic/Unani formulations containing T. foenum-graecum
4.1
1.13 Future prospects
References
5.
NEW TARGETS AND SCREENING PROCEDURES
5.1 New Drug Targets for Diabetes
5.1.1
Hepatic glucose production
5.1.2
ß-Cells of pancreas
5.1.3
Insulin signalling pathways
5.1.4
Lipid metabolism
5.1.5
Some newer targets
5.1.6
Concluding remarks
5.2 Animal Models for Studies on Diabetes
5.2.1
Pancreatectomy
5.2.2
Chemically induced diabetes
5.2.3
Genetic models of diabetes
5.2.4
Knockout models
5.2.4.1 Models to study insulin action
5.2.4.2 Animal models to study insulin secretion
5.2.5
Other animal models
5.2.6
Models for studying secondary complications
References
6.
DISCUSSION AND FUTURE APPROACH
7.
SUMMARY
INDICES
Index I Botanical Names
Index II Chemical Constituents
Index III Classical Ayurvedic Formulations
Index IV Classical Unani Formulations
Index VI Other Names of Plants |